| A | B |
|---|
| Where were the first farming settlements located? | Rivers |
| What caused division of labor to happen? | Surplus of food |
| What does the word Mesopotamia mean? | The land between the rivers |
| The Fertile Crescent is formed by the rich farmlands around which two rivers? | The Tigris and Euphrates |
| How did early people in Mesopotamia make farming successful? | Irrigated their fields |
| What was the most common building material in Mesopotamia? | Mud-bricks |
| What is the earliest known civilization in Mesopotamia? | Sumer |
| What was an important contribution of the Sumerians? | the wheel |
| What is a city-state? | A city with its own ruler, army, and laws. |
| Who was in the upper class in Mesopotamia? | the king, priests and nobles |
| Who was in the middle class in Mesopotamia? | scribes, artisans, craftsmen |
| Who was in the lower class in Mesopotamia? | Laborers and slaves |
| What were ziggurats? | temples |
| What is a polytheistic religion? | A religion that worships many gods |
| What is the Mesopotamian form of writing? | cuneiform |
| What did the Sumerians use to write? | stylus and clay |
| What purpose did the wall around a city serve? | To protect the people from an attack |
| Who interpreted the will of the gods for the Mesopotamians? | priests |
| Why did Mesopotamians believe they had been created? | to feed, clothe, and house the gods |
| What did the Mesopotamians think was the cause of good and bad things? | the happiness and unhappiness of the gods |
| What is a surplus? | an extra amount |
| How did civilizations develop? | When people had a stable food supply, complex societies could form. |
| What were the people of Mesopotamia before they started living in cities? | Hunters and Gatherers |
| What is the Fertile Crescent? | The rich farmlands between the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. |
| Why did cities in Sumer develop into separate city-states? | Because they were separated by long stretches of desert |
| What was at the center of every Sumerian city-state? | A temple that was believed to be the home of the city's chief god. |
| Where did writing first develop? | Mesopotamia |
| What advantage was there to cuneiform writing over picture writing? | It was simpler |
| What does cuneiform writing look like? | Wedge shaped symbols |
| Who ruled the kingdom of Babylonia and created a code of laws by which to live? | Hammurabi |
| What was the overall purpose of the Code of Hammurabi? | To protect the people |
| Why did Hammurabi establish a code of laws? | To bring order to the lives of his people |
| What was the name of the first written doe of laws? | Hammurabi's Code |
| Who served a role between the Sumerians and their gods? | priests |
| What is an empire? | Many different lands under one government. |
| Who was the first man to conquer all of Mesopotamia? | Sargon |
| Who created the first permanent army? | Sargon |
| What is a theocracy? | A government in which the people believe that the ruler is a god or chosen by the gods to rule. |
| What is a monarchy? | A government where a king or queen rules. |
| Why is Mesopotamia a theocracy? | Because they believed their kings were chosen by the gods. |
| What was the most important contribution of the Phoenicians? | The creation of an alphabet. |
