| A | B |
|---|
| Anticipatory compounding | Compounding in advance of expected need |
| Arrest knob | The knob on a balance that prevents any movement of the balance |
| Calibrate | To set, mark, or check the graduations of a measuring device |
| Compression molding | A method of making suppositories in which the ingredients are compressed in a mold |
| Emulsifier | A stabilizing agent in emulsions |
| Emulsion | An unstable system consisting of at least two immiscible liquids |
| Extemporaneous compounding | The on-demand preparation of a drug product according to a physician's prescription, formula, or recipe |
| Flocculating agent | Electrolytes used in the preparation of suspensions |
| Formulation record | Formulas and procedures of what should happen when a formulation is compounded |
| Fusion molding | A suppository preparation method in which the active ingredients are dispersed in a melted suppository base |
| Geometric dilution | A technique for mixing two powders of unequal size |
| Hydrophilic emulsifier | A stabilizing agent for water based dispersion mediums |
| Immiscible | Cannot be mixed |
| Levigation | Triturating a powdered drug with a solvent in which it is insoluble to reduce its particle size |
| Lipophilic emulsifier | A stabilizing agent for oil based dispersion mediums |
| Meniscus | The curved surface of a column of liquid |
| Miscible | Capable of being mixed together |
| Mucilage | A wet, slimy preparation formed as an initial step in a wet emulsion preparation method |
| Oil-in-water | An emulsion in which oil is dispersed through a water base |
| Primary emulsion | The initial emulsion formed in a preparation to which ingredients are added to create the final volume |
| Punch method | A method for filling capsules by repeatedly pushing or punching the capsule into an amount of drug powder |
| Sensitivity requirement | The amount of weight that will move the balance pointer one division mark |
| Solvents | Water is the most common, but ethanol, glycerin, propylene glycol, or a variety of syrups are used |
| Sonication | Exposure to high frequency sound waves |
| Stability | The chemical and physical integrity of the dosage unit, and when appropriate, its ability to withstand microbiological contamination |
| Syrup | A concentrated or nearly saturated solution of sucrose in water |
| Thickening agent | An agent used in the preparation of suspensions to increase the viscosity of the liquid |
| Trituration | The fine grinding of a powder |
| Volumetric | Measures volume |
| Water-in-oil | An emulsion in which water is dispersed through an oil base |
| Active transport | The movement of drug molecules across membranes by active means, rather than passive diffusion |
| Agonists | Drugs that activate receptors to accelerate or slow normal cell function |
| Antagonist | Drugs that bind with receptors but do not activate them. They block receptor action by preventing other drugs or substances from activating them |
| Bioavailability | The relative amount of an administered dose that reaches the general circulation and the rate at which this occurs |
| Bioequivalency | The comparison of bioavailability between two dosage forms |
| Biopharmaceutics | The study of the factors associated with drug products and physiological processes, and the resulting systemic concentrations of the drugs |
| Complex | Formed when molecules of different chemicals attach to each other as in protein binding |
| Disposition | A term sometimes used to refer to all of the ADME processes together |
| Enterohepatic cycling | The transfer of drugs and their metabolites from the liver to the bile in the gall bladder and then into the intestine |
| Enzyme | A complex protein that causes chemical reactions in other substances |
| Enzyme induction | The increase in enzyme activity that results in greater metabolism of drugs |
| First pass metabolism | The substantial degradation of a drug caused by enzyme metabolism in the liver before the drug reaches the systemic circulation |
| Gastric emptying time | The time a drug will stay in the stomach before it is emptied into the small intestine |
| Glomerular filtration | The blood filtering process of the kidneys |
| Hydrophilic | Capable of associating with or absorbing water |
| Hydrophobic | Water repelling; cannot associate with water |
| Lipoidal | Fat like substance |
| Metabolite | The substance resulting from the body's transformation of an administered drug |
| Minimum effective concentration | The blood concentration needed of a drug to produce a response |
| Nephron | The functional unit of the kidneys |
| Onset of action | The time MEC is reached and the response occurs |
| Passive diffusion | The movement of drugs from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration |
| Pharmaceutical alternative | Drug products that contain the same active ingredients, but not necessarily in the same amount or dosage forms |
| Pharmaceutical equivalent | Drug products that contain identical amounts of the same active ingredients in the same dosage forms |
| Protein binding | The attachment of a drug molecule to a plasma or tissue protein, effectively making the drug inactive, but also keeping it within the body |
| Receptor | The cellular material at the site of action which interacts with the drug |
| Selective action | The characteristic of a drug that makes its action specific to certain receptors and the tissues they affect |
| Site of action | The location where an administered drug produces an effect |
| Therapeutic equivalent | Pharmaceutical equivalents that produce the same effects in patients |
| Therapeutic window | A drug's blood concentration range between its minimum effective concentration and minimum toxic concentration |
