| A | B |
|---|
| Social Psychology | The scientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another |
| Attribution Theory | The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition. |
| Fundamental Attribution Error | The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition |
| Foot-In-The-Door-Phenomenon | The tendency for people to first agree to small requests and later agree to large requests. |
| Door - in - the - face | a compliance tactic that involves first making an extremely large request that the respondent will obviously turn down followed by making a second, more reasonable request |
| Ingratiation | A tactic that involve getting someone to like you in order to obtain compliance with a request by using flattery, opinion conformity or self - presentation. |
| Low - Ball | A compliance tactic that involves first gaining closure and commitment it the idea you want the person to accept and then changing the agreement to make it more appealing for you. |
| Value | A principle, standard or quality considered worthwhile or desirable |
| Attitude | Feelings that predispose us to respond in a certain way |
| Role | Expectations about a social position defining how those in position should behave |
| Cognitive Dissonance Theory | The theory that we try to reduce discomfort when two of our thoughts are inconsistent |
| Effects of role playing | While striving to follow social prescriptions, a person may adopt those attitudes |
| Central Route Persuasion | When people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts |
| Peripheral Route Persuasion | When people are influenced by incidental cues such as attractiveness |
| Social Norms | An unwritten but understood rule for accepted and expected behavior |
| Conformity | Adjusting our behaviors to coincide with a group standard |
| Solomon Asch's Conformity Study | studied conformity with a simple line test |
| Normative Social Influence | Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval |
| Informational Social Influence | Influence from one's willingness to accept others opinion about reality |
| Obedience | Occurs when you change your opinions, judgments, or actions because someome in a position of authority told you to |
| Stanley Milgram's study | A test of obedience using an electric shock test; 63% of participants went all the way to 450 volts; obedience was highest with a legitimate authority figure, with a prestigious institution's support, when the victim was depersonalized, and when there were no role models for defiance |
| Passionate Love | A state of intense positive absorption in another |
| Compassionate Love | the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those we spend our lives with. |
| Equity | A condition where people receive what they give in a relationship |
| Self-Disclosure | Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others |
| Stereotype | A generalized belief about a group of people |
| Prejudice | An unjustified attitude toward a group and it's members |
| Discrimination | Unjustified negative behavior toward a group and its members |
| In-group | People who we share a common identity with |
| In-group Bias | The tendency to favor our own group |
| Scapegoat Theory | The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame |
| Just World Phenomenon | The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get |
| Other-Race Effect | The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races |
| Aggression | Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy |
| genetic influence of aggressions | hereditary, associated with the Y chromosome |
| neural influences of aggressions | Amygdala stimulation, brain injuries |
| biochemical influences of aggressions | homones , alcohol and other substances; correlation between testosterone and aggressions |
| psychological influences of aggressions | frustration, hot weather, rewarding, social rejections, observation |
| Frustration-Aggression Principle | The principle that frustration creates anger which can lead to aggression |
| Altruism | Unselfish regard for the welfare of others |
| Social Exchange Theory | The theory that our social behavior has an aim to maximize benefits and minimize costs |
| Social Responsibility Norm | An expectation that people will help those dependent on them |
| Reciprocity Norm | Helping those who have helped us |
| Bystander Effect | The tendency for any bystander to be less likely to help someone if other bystanders are present |
| Attraction | The three main factors are proximity, similarity and Physical Attractiveness |
| Mere Exposure Effect | The phenomenon where exposure to someone increases our liking for them |
| Social Facilitation | Stronger response to simple tasks in the presence of others. |
| Social Inhibition | When an indiviual's skill performance get worse in the presence of others |
| Social Loafing | Tendency for people in groups to put less effort when working for a common goal than working individually |
| Conflict | A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas |
| Groupthink | The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides alternatives |
| Deindividuation | The loss of self-awareness in groups |
| Group Polarization | The Tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial ideas of its members |
| in-group | People who we share a common identity with |
| Outgroup | Those perceived as different or apart from our in-group |
| Mirror Image Perceptions | Mutual views between two groups that view themselves positively and view the other group negatively |
| Superordinate Goals GRIT | Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation |
| Social Trap | A situation where a group of people act to obtain short term goals to obtain individual goals which leads to loss in the group in the long run |
| Is it clear that opposites attract? | No, we are more likely to be attracted to people similar to ourselves |
