| A | B |
|---|
| Artificial intelligence | A field that involves computer systems taking on the characteristics of human intelligence. |
| Information systems | A set of interrelated components that input data, process it, output information and provide feedback to meet an objective. |
| Data | Raw facts and figures, such as orders and payments, which are processed into information. |
| Information | A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves. |
| Image data | Graphics, images, or pictures. |
| Audio data | Sound, noise, or tones |
| Video data | Moving images or pictures. |
| Process | A set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome. |
| Feedback | Output used to make changes to input or/and processing. |
| Alphanumeric data | Alphabetic letters mixed with numbers and special characters as in name, address, city and state. |
| Knowledge | An awareness and understanding of a set of information and how that information can be made useful to support a specific task. |
| Knowledge base | The collection of data, rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed to achieve value or the proper outcome. |
| System | A set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals. |
| System boundary | This defines the system and distinguishes it from everything else. |
| Components of a system | A system's four components consist of input, processing, output, and feedback. |
| Simple system | Has few components, and the relationship or interaction between elements is simple and straightforward. |
| Complex system | Has many elements that are highly related and interconnected. |
| Open system | Interacts with the environment. |
| Close system | Has no interaction with the environment. |
| Stable system | Undergoes very little change over time. |
| Dynamic system | Undergoes rapid and constant change over time. |
| Adaptive system | Is able to change in response to changes in the environment. |
| Nonadaptive system | Is not able to change in response to changes in the environment. |
| Permanent system | Exists for a relatively long period of time. |
| Temporary system | Exists for only a relatively short period of time. |
| Efficiency | A measure of what is produced divided by what is consumed. |
| Effectiveness | A measure of the extent to which a system achieves its goals. |
| System performance | A specific objective of the system. |
| System variable | A quantity or item that the decision maker can control |
| System parameter | A value or quantity that the decision maker cannot control. |
| Model | An abstraction or an approximation that is used to represent reality. |
| Narrative model | Is based on words, spoken or written. |
| Physical model | A tangible representation of reality. |
| Mathematical model | An arithmetic representation of reality. |
| Schematic model | A graphic representation of reality. |
| Input | The activity of gathering and capturing raw data. |
| Processing | Converting or transforming data into useful outputs. |
| Output | Useful information, usually in the form of documents and/or reports. |
| Technology infrastructure | A computer-based information system that consists of the shared IS resources that form the foundation of the information system. |
| Database | An organized collection of facts and information. |
| Telecommunications | The electronic transmission of signals for communications and enables organizations to link computer systems into effective network. |
| Networks | Used to connect computers and computer equipment in a building around the country, or across the world to enable electronic communications. |
| Internet | The world's largest telecommunications network. |
| Intranet | A network that uses Internet technology within an organization. |
| Computer-Based Information System | Also called a business technology infrastructure because it is the foundation on which information systems are built. |
| Transaction | Any business-related exchange. |
| Transaction Processing System | An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions. |
| E-commerce | Involves any business transaction executed electronically between business and business, business and the public sector, and consumers and the public sector. |
| Management Information Systems | An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to provide routine information to managers and decision makers. |
| Decision Support Systems | An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making. |
| Systems Investigation | Allows you to gain a clear understanding of the problem to be solved or the opportunity to be addressed. |
| Systems Analysis | Defines the problems and opportunities of the existing system. |
| Systems Design | Determines how the new system will work to meet the business needs defined during systems analysis. |
| Systems Implementation | Acquiring the systems components defined in systems design, assembling them, and putting the new system into operation. |
| Systems Maintenance | Checks and modifies the system so that it continues to meet changing business needs. |
| Computer Literacy | A knowledge of computer systems and equipment and the ways they function. |
| Information Systems Literacy | A knowledge of how data and information are used by individuals, groups, and organization. |
