| A | B |
|---|
| Achalasia | decreased mobility of lower esophagus and constriction of the lower esophogal sphincter |
| Adhesions | fibrous tissue formation causes abnormal joining of two organ surfaces |
| An/o | Anus |
| Anal fissure | painful crack in the mucous membrane of the anus |
| Anal Fistula | abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus |
| Anorexia | lack of appetite |
| Antiemetic | stops vomitting |
| aphagia | inability to swallow |
| Appendic/o | Appendix |
| Ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| ascitic fluid | watery fluid with albumin, glucose, and electrolytes in the peritoneal cavity; associated with liver disease |
| -Ase | Enzyme |
| bile | a greenish-yellow liquid that breaks large fat droplets into smaller ones so they can mix more easily with the juices from the small intestine and pancreas |
| bolus | soft mass of chewed food |
| Borborygmus | normal intestine sounds |
| Bucc/o | Cheek |
| Bulimia | act of bingeing and purging |
| Cachexia | general weight loss due to disease or emotion |
| Carcinoma | Malignant tumor of the skin |
| Cec/o | Cecum |
| Ceil/o | Abdomen |
| -Chezia | Defecation |
| Chol/e | Bile, gall |
| Cholangi/o | Bile duct |
| Cholangiography | Exam of the gall vessels with the use of a contrast medium |
| Cholangiopancreatography | Exam of the bile ducts and pancreas |
| Cholecysitis | Inflammation of the gallbladder |
| Cholecyst/o | Gallbladder |
| Cholecystectomy | removal of the gallbladder |
| Cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
| Cholecystography | Visual exam of the gallbladder |
| Choledoch/o | Common bile duct |
| Choledocholithiasis | condition of stones in the bile duct |
| Choledocholithotripsy | the crushing of the stones in the common bile duct |
| choledochotomy | incision into common bile duct |
| choledocolithotomy | incision into common bile duct to remove stones |
| Cholelithiasis | Presence of stones in gallbladder |
| Cholelithiasis | condition of stones in the gallbladder |
| chyme | a pulpy mixture of food and gastric juice |
| Cirrhosis | chronic degenerative disease of the liver |
| Col/o | Colon |
| Colitis | Inflammation of the colon |
| Colitis | imflammation of the colon |
| Colon/o | Colon |
| Colonic Polyposis | Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon |
| Colonoscopy | Exam of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum |
| Colorectal Cancer | Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both |
| Colostomy | artificial opening from the colon |
| Crohn Disease | chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract |
| CT | computerized tomography |
| deglutition | swallowing food |
| Dent/o | Teeth |
| Dental Caries | tooth decay |
| Diverticulitis | inflammation of a pouch formation in the lining of the intestine |
| Diverticulosis | abnormal side pockets (outpouchings) in the intestinal wall |
| Diverticulum | an abnormal pouch formation in the lining of a hollow organ e.g. intestine |
| Duoden/o | Duodenum |
| duodenum | first part of the digestive system |
| Dysentery | painful, inflamed intestines |
| dyspepsia | difficult digestion |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy; direct visualization of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using an endoscope |
| -Emesis | Vomiting |
| -Emet | Vomit |
| Emetic | induces vomitting |
| Enter/o | Small intestine |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; examines size and filling of pancreatic and biliary ductrs through direct visualization with an endoscope |
| Eructation | gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth (belch) |
| Esophag/o | Esophagus |
| Esophageal Varices | swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus |
| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy | Endoscopic procedure that allows a visual exam of the upper GI tract |
| ESWL | extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; breaking up gall stones noninvasively using ultrasound |
| extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) | using ultrasound to break up gall stones |
| Faecal vomiting | present when all bowel movements have ceased - obstruction, paralytic ileus - vomit consists of liquid faeces |
| Fats | Fatty Acids |
| Feces | stool, waste product |
| Fistula | abnormal communication between two organs or an organ with the skin |
| Flatulence | gas expelled through rectum (fart) |
| Flatus | gas expelled through rectum (fart) |
| gall stones | cholelithiasis; crystallized bile that can obstruct the common bile duct or cystic duct |
| Gastr/o | Stomach |
| Gastric Carcinoma | Malignant tumor of the stomach |
| Gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| Gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and intestine |
| Gastroesophageal | Pertaining to the stomach or esophagus |
| Gastroscopy | Endoscope exam of the stomach |
| Gavage | force feeding through a stomach tube |
| GERD | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease~ solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach |
| Gingiv/o | Gums |
| Gingivitis | imflammation of the gums |
| Gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
| Gloss/o | Tongue |
| Gluconeogenesis | the liver uses amino acids, lactate, and glycerol to make glucose |
| Glycogen | storage form of glucose |
| Glycogenesis | conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver |
| Glycogenolysis | glycogen broken down into glucose |
| Haemorrhoids | varicose veins of the rectum, causing pain and itching during defecation |
| Hematemesis | vomiting of blood |
| Hemorrhoids | swollen, twisted, vericose veins in the rectal region |
| Hepat/o | Liver |
| Hepatocytes | cells of the liver that: absorb glucose, amino acids, iron, vitamins, and other nutrients for metabolism or storage; remove and degrade hormones, toxins, bile pigments, and drugs; secrete albumin, lipoproteins, clotting factors, angiotensinogen, and other products into the blood; break down stored glycogen and release glucose into the circulation |
| Hernia | protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it |
| Hydrochloric acid | used to break down our food |
| icterus | jaundice; yellowing of skin, mucus membranes, and sclera |
| ile/o | ileum |
| ileum | 3rd part of the digestive system |
| ileus | failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines |
| Intravenous | IV~ the giving of liquid substances directly into a vein |
| intussusception | telescoping of the intestines; acute abdominal emergency |
| Irritable Bowl Syndrome (IBS) | group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension |
| Jaundice | yellowish skin color |
| Jejun/o | Jejunum |
| Jejunum | 2nd part of the digestive system |
| Labi/o | Lips |
| Lapar/o | Abdomen, Abdominal Wall |
| Laparoscopy | Visual exam of the abdomen and pelvis |
| Laryngopharynx | located in the inferior portion of the throat just above the larynx and below the hyoid bone |
| Lavage | to wash |
| LES | lower esophagus sphincter |
| Lingu/o | Tongue |
| Lith/o | Stone, Calculus |
| -Lithiasis | Presence of stones |
| Liver | produces bile, maintains glucose levels in bloodstream, makes blood proteins to help blood clotting, and removes toxins and poisons from the bloodstream |
| Mastication | chewing |
| Melena | black tarry stool, bleeding in the upper digestive tract |
| Melena | black, tarry stools due to the presence of digested blood |
| MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging; noninvasive scanning procedure to visualize ssoft tissues and fluid (like an X-ray, but for soft tissue) |
| Nasopharynx | located in the superior portion of throat behind nasal cavity |
| Occult | Hidden |
| Odont/o | Teeth |
| Or/o | Mouth |
| Oral Leukoplakia | white plaques or patches in mouth |
| -Orexia | Appetite |
| Oropharynx | located in midportion of the throat behind the mouth between the palate and hyoid bone |
| Palat/o | Palate |
| Pancreas | produces insulin and enzymes |
| Pancreat/o | Pancreas |
| Pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| -Phagia | Eat or swallow |
| Pharyng/o | Throat, pharynx |
| Pharynx | acts as passageway for air from nasal cavity to larynx and for food from mouth to esophagus |
| -Prandial | Meal |
| Proct/o | Rectum |
| Proctology | Study of rectum |
| Proteins | are made from amino Acids |
| PTC | percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography; using a needle to inject contrast medium into intrahepatic bile duct |
| Pylor/o | Pylorus, pyloric sphincter |
| pyrosis | heartburn |
| Rect/o | Rectum |
| Rugae | Folds of mucous membrane seen on internal surface of stomach |
| Sialaden/o | Salivary gland |
| Sigmoidoscopy | Endoscopic exam of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and the descending colon |
| steatorrhea | feces containing fat |
| Steatorrhea | fat in the feces; frouthy, foul-smelling fecal matter |
| Sugars | Glucose |
| Tongue | aids in mastication and deglutition; lingu/a, gloss/o |
| -Tripsy | Destroy, crush |
| Ulcer | an open sore or lesion of the skin or a mucous membrane |
| Ulcerative Colitis | chronic inflammation of the colon with the presence of ulcers |
| villi | fingerlike projections that line the inner wall of the small intestine and increase the surface area available for absorption of nutrients |
| Volvulus | twisting of intestine upon itself, causing obstruction |
