| A | B |
|---|
| nonfiction | writing that deals with real--not imagined--events and people |
| biography | the story of a person's life as written by another person |
| autobiography | the story of a person's life as written by that person |
| memoir | a type of autobiography that focuses on one incident or one period in a person's life |
| essay | a short nonfictional work that focuses on one thesis about a particular subject |
| speech | a public address that was once given orally |
| informational text | nonfiction writing with the primary purpose of explaining or conveying information |
| purpose | aim or goal |
| expository mode | writing that informs |
| narrative mode | writing that uses a story format to express ideas |
| descriptive mode | writing that portrays the physical features of a person, object, or place or the emotional impact of an event |
| persuasive mode | writing that attempts to convince people to accept a position or respond in some way |
| source | evidence of an event, idea, or a development |
| primary source | direct evidence or proof coming from those involved |
| expository essay | focuses on informing readers about a subject |
| persuasive essay | focuses on convincing readers to accept an opinion or take an action |
| personal essay | focuses on a topic related to the life or interests of the writer |
| chronological order | arrangement of details in the order in which they occured |
| order of importance | arrangement of details based on their relevance |
| comparison and contrast order | arrangement of details by showing similarities and differences |
| cause and effect order | arrangement of details showing actions and the results of those actions |
| impromptu speech | speaking without prior knowledge of the topic |
| extemporaneous speech | speaking from a previously prepared script |
| rhetorical devices | techniques used by speakers and writers to gain influence with their audiences |
| parallelism | repetition of grammatical forms in several sentences |
| repetition | intentional reuse of words, sounds, phrases, or sentences |
| rhetorical question | a question whose answer is so obvious it need not be expressed |
| ethos | appealing to right and wrong |
| pathos | appealing to emotions |
| logos | appealing to logical reasoning |
| article | a short informational text about a particular topic, issue, event, or series of events |
| fact | a statement that can be proven as true or false |
| opinion | a statement of preference or desire |
| bias | a personal judgement about something |
| propaganda | types of faulty reasoning that sometimes are used to intentionally mislead audiences |
| glittering generality | a statement used to make something seem more appealing than it actually is |
| spin | a technique of slanting and manipulating facts so that they are misleading |
| stereotype | an overgeneralization about a group of people that is based on a lack of knowledge |
| circular reasoning | supporting an opinion by restating the opinion with other words |
| loaded words | a technique using words sure to bring about strong positive or negative feelings |
| bandwagon appeal | a technique intending to persuade by convincing someone to join the crowd and be like everyone else |
