| A | B |
|---|
| beliefs | The general agreement by members of a society that a certain body of knowledge is true or valid |
| counterculture | A group's way of thinking and acting that is an alternative to or in opposition to the norms and values of the larger society |
| cultural material | Tangible objects that facilitate and express cultural ideas and norms |
| cultural relativistic perspective | A view that acknowledges that every culture should be analyzed in its own context and by its own standards |
| cultural universals | Cultural elements that are present in all human societies |
| culture | A society's way of life, consisting of beliefs, values, norms, and symbols |
| ethnocentrism | Attitudes which support beliefs that values and norms of one's culture are superior to those of another |
| folkways | The customary ways people do things |
| ideational definition of culture | Knowledge of cultural standards to which a person's behavior may or may not correspond |
| language | The means of communication practiced by humans |
| law | A type of social control exemplified by intention, authority, obligation, and saction |
| mores | Cultural rules that are essential for societal survival and have been codified into moral and civil laws |
| norms | Cultural rules or standards that are both informal and formal in nature and which occur in all social groups |
| proxemics | The physical space between people which is given sociocultural meaning |
| sanctions (negative) | Punishments used for violations of cultural rules |
| sanctions (positive) | Rewards used for compliance with cultural rules |
| symbols | Anything - object, gesture, word - that is given arbitrary meaning and about which members of a culture generally agree |
| social control | Ways in which individual behavior is directed toward socially acceptable standards |
| subculture | A portion of the population having distinctive norms, values, and traits |
| values | Shared ideas of things members of a culture think are good and desirable |
| worldview | A comprehensible body of beliefs about how the world is organized |
