| A | B |
|---|
| What Greek historian wrote about the Peloponnesian War | Thucydides |
| Greek sculptor who created the statue of Athena in the Parthenon | Phidias |
| 3 types of Greek columns | Doric, Ionian, Corinthian |
| the Greek who developed the lever and pulley | Archimedes |
| father of medicine | Hippocrates |
| 3 Greek philosophers | 3 Greek philosophers |
| developed a theory about right triangles | Pythagoras |
| father of geometry | Euclid |
| war made it easier for the Macedonians to conquer Greece | Peloponnesian |
| What Macedonian conquered most of Greece | Phillip II, King of Macedon |
| 3 areas controlled by Alexander the Great | Greece, Egypt, parts of India, Persia |
| What did Alexander the Great spread | Greek cultural influences, Hellinistic influences |
| Who conquered the Persian Empire | Alexander the Great |
| Hellenistic culture spread | through trade |
| What was Hellenistic culture | Blend of Greek and oriental elements |
| Rome located | on Italian peninsula in the Mediterranean Basin |
| two advantages of Rome’s location | protected by the sea and Alps mountains |
| protected Italy from northern invaders | Alps mountains |
| What advantages did the Mediterranean Sea provide for Rome | protection and sea-borne commerce |
| type of religion did Rome follow | polytheistic |
| How has Roman mythology influenced western art and culture | Western civilization’s symbols, metaphors, words, and idealized images come from Roman mythology |
| Did Rome’s religion influence its politics, culture and art | Yes |
| 3 things Roman mythology explained | natural phenomena, human qualities, life events |
| Roman mythology was based on | Greek polytheistic religion |
| What did Jupiter represent | king of the gods |
| What did Juno represent | goddess of marriage |
| What did Apollo represent | god of light, sun |
| What did Venus represent | goddess of love and beauty |
| What did Diana represent | goddess of hunt |
| Minerva represent | goddess of wisdom |
| 3 groups in Roman society who had no rights | women, non-Romans, slaves |
| Non-Romans living in the Roman Republic | aliens |
| What was the highest Roman social class and who was in it | patricians=nobility |
| Roman slavery was not based on what | race |
| majority of Rome’s population was | plebeians |
| forced by conquest to become servants | slaves |
| held citizenship in Rome | patricians, plebeians, selected foreigners |
| privilege of voting in Rome | patricians, plebeians, selected foreigners |
| 2 responsibilities of Roman citizenship | pay taxes, military service |
| What kind of democracy did Rome have | representative democracy |
| was elected by the Assembly & served Rome for one year | consul |
| served in the Senate and Assembly | patricians |
| written laws of Rome | Twelve Tables |
| Punic Wars were between | Carthage and Rome |
| Rome’s victory in the Punic Wars led to the diffusion of what | Roman culture across the Mediterranean Basin |
| The Punic Wars were fought because of competition for | trade |
| Who invaded the Italian peninsula during the Second Punic War | Hannibal |
| Third Punic War resulted in the destruction of what | Carthage |
| What wars were fought from 264-146 BC | Punic Wars |
| At the end of the Punic Wars, Rome controlled the lands around what sea | Mediterranean |
| 3 results of the Punic Wars | Roman victory, destruction of Carthage, expanded trade and wealth of Rome, expansion of Roman empire |
| 4 areas which became part of the Roman Empire. | Africa, Asia, Europe, Gaul, British Isle, Hellenistic World |
| 4 causes for the decline of the Roman Republic | spread of slavery in the agricultural system, migration of small farmers to the cities and unemployment, civil war over power of Julius Caesar, devaluation of Roman currency and inflation |
| replaced the Roman republic | Roman empire |
| Define inflation | situation in which prices rise quickly |
| What did devaluation of Roman currency cause | inflation |
| Who was in the First Triumvirate | Pompey, Crassus, Julius Caesar |
| What happened to Julius Caesar | was assassinated |
| Who defeated Marc Anthony at the Battle of Actium | Octavian/Augustus Caesar |
| first emperor of Rome | Augustus Caesar |
| How did Rome unify and enlarge its empire | used imperial authority and military |
| weakness of the Roman political system | no peaceful succession of emperors |
| 3 things Augustus Caesar instituted when he established the Roman Empire. | civil service, rule by law, common coinage, secure travel and trade throughout the empire |
| What was the Pax Romana | 200 year period of peace within the empire |
| What emperor established the Pax Romana | Augustus Caesar |
| What was expanded and solidified during the Pax Romana | Roman Empire |
| Name 3 effects of the Pax Romana | established uniform system of money helping to expand trade, safe travel and trade was guaranteed on Roman roads, prosperity and stability were promoted |
| What effect did a uniform system of money have on the Pax Romana | expanded trade |
| 2 social impacts of the Pax Romana | returned stability to social classes, increased emphasis on family |
| Rule by law describes what | all people and governments follow the same laws |
| During what period did a civil service and uniform rule of law develop | Pax Romana |
| What is the civil service | people who work for the government |
| Christianity was based on what religion | Judaism |
| What kind of religion was Christianity | monotheism |
| Who was proclaimed the Messiah | Jesus |
| Who originated Christianity | Jesus of Nazareth |
| Why did the Romans persecute Christians | because Romans followed a polytheistic religion |
| 3 basic beliefs of Christianity. | monotheism, Jesus as Son and incarnation of God, life after death |
| What was the holy book for Christians | New Testament |
| Who established early Christian doctrine | early church councils |
| the goal of the Apostles | to spread Christianity |
| Who helped to establish Christianity | Paul |
| first Christian emperor | Constantine |
| emperor legalized Christianity | Constantine |
| became the moral authority of the late Roman Empire | Christian Church |
| main unifying force in western Europe after the fall of Rome | Christian church |
| What spread Roman culture | conquests of Roman empire and trade |
| temple was built by Hadrian in Rome and has a freestanding dome | Pantheon |
| area in Rome was the center of gov't and religion | Forum |
